...ability to accelerate reactions as much as...
...false? A) Chemical reactions proceed more quickly...
...temperatures. B) Chemical reactions progress at a...
...rate of chemical reactions, sometimes while undergoing...
...22) Select which reactions will usually be...
...happens in redox reactions? A) both decomposition...
...Explain why chemical reactions in the body...
...irreversible. Answer: Chemical reactions that release energy...
...system. Also, some reactions produce molecules in...
...25) All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible....
...Are all chemical reactions reversible? If not,...
...Answer: All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible,...

...Life Thousands of reactions occur within the...
...The set of reactions that make up...
...an organism’s chemical reactions is called metabolism....
...from the “downhill” reactions of catabolic pathways...
...drive the “uphill” reactions of anabolic pathways....
...we determine which reactions occur spontaneously and...
...to determine which reactions can supply energy...
...forward and backward reactions are equal, and...
...positive G. Chemical reactions can be classified...
...its surroundings. Endergonic reactions store energy in...
...is positive. Endergonic reactions are nonspontaneous, and...
...of light energy. Reactions in an isolated...
...a series of reactions, not in a...
...step. Some reversible reactions of respiration are...
...overall sequence of reactions is kept going...
...by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions....
...reactions to endergonic reactions. A cell does...
...work, pushing endergonic reactions such as the...
...from exergonic (catabolic) reactions in the cell....
...speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy...
...barriers. Spontaneous chemical reactions may occur so...
...barriers for selected reactions surmounted to allow...
...speed up all reactions, not just those...
...cells. Enzymes speed reactions by lowering EA....
...G; they hasten reactions that would occur...
...catalyze thousands of reactions a second. Enzymes...
...reactants. Enzymes catalyze reactions in the direction...
...a reaction. In reactions involving more than...
...enzymes from catalyzing reactions. Certain chemicals selectively...
...inhibitors impede enzymatic reactions by binding to...
...rates of key reactions in metabolic pathways....

...by catabolism therefore reactions coupled. Coupling Agent...
...is ATP. Catabolic reactions are theoretically Spontaneous...
...reaction not. Catabolic reactions are not spontaneous...
...them Spontaneous Catabolic Reactions (Energy Generating) Respiration...
...the light dependant reactions chlorophyll absorbs light...
...molecules and associated reactions termed photosystems I...
...NADPH Light Independent Reactions: require 1. Carbon...
...are three major reactions: 1 Ribulose Biphosphate...
...the Light dependant reactions. 3. . Some...
...the Light dependant Reactions. This particular series...
...particular series of reactions is referred to...
...cycle. Light dependant reactions occur in the...
...the light independent reactions in the stroma...
...control the biochemical reactions resulting in the...
...naturally undergo chemical reactions to gain stability....
...gain stability. These reactions require the formation...
...capable of biochemical reactions (Biosynthesis) for the...
...macromolecules and biochemical reactions are isolated and...

...series of chemical reactions to be carried...
...respiration involve redox reactions. During cellular respiration,...
...multiple steps: light reactions and the Calvin...
...cycle. The light reactions (photo) convert solar...
...from the light reactions to incorporate CO2...
...In the light reactions, water is split,...
...NADPH. The light reactions also generate ATP...
...cells. The light reactions produce no sugar;...
...from the light reactions also powers parts...
...from the light reactions. The metabolic steps...
...to as light-independent reactions because none of...
...when the light reactions can provide the...
...Whereas the light reactions occur at the...
...10.2 The light reactions convert solar energy...
...wavelength. The light reactions can perform work...
...in the light reactions, absorbs best in...
...in the light reactions, but accessory photosynthetic...
...of the light reactions. As soon as...
...During the light reactions, there are two...
...During the light reactions, electrons flow through...
...series of redox reactions from PS I’s...
...cycle. The light reactions use the solar...
...to the carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of the Calvin...
...summarize the light reactions: Electron flow pushes...
...complex series of reactions, the carbon skeletons...
...NADPH. The light reactions regenerate ATP and...
...Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin...
...from the light reactions increases. These conditions...
...as the light reactions convert light to...
...of the light reactions, which build up...
...cyclic series of reactions involving PEP carboxylase...
...day, the light reactions supply ATP and...
...photosynthesis. The light reactions capture solar energy...

...of the chemical reactions and energy transformations...
...of the chemical reactions and energy transformations...
...by ordinary chemical reactions) every element has...
...Equations Describe Chemical Reactions Reactants are written...
...() indicate equilibrium reactions (reactions proceeding simultaneously...
...indicate equilibrium reactions (reactions proceeding simultaneously at...
...H2O H2CO3 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (redox reactions) Are...
...Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (redox reactions) Are Common in...
...paired (hence redox reactions) example: rusting when...
...by ordinary chemical reactions) every element has...
...Equations Describe Chemical Reactions Reactants are written...
...() indicate equilibrium reactions (reactions proceeding simultaneously...
...indicate equilibrium reactions (reactions proceeding simultaneously at...
...H2O H2CO3 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (redox reactions) Are...
...Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (redox reactions) Are Common in...
...paired (hence redox reactions) example: rusting when...
...for analyzing redox reactions – look for...
...electrons in redox reactions involving biological molecules...
...HCO3- because these reactions are equilibrium reactions,...
...reactions are equilibrium reactions, as H+ is...
...HCO3- because these reactions are equilibrium reactions,...
...reactions are equilibrium reactions, as H+ is...
...of the chemical reactions in living organisms;...
...in many metabolic reactions Chapter 5: What...
...of the chemical reactions in living organisms;...
...in many metabolic reactions Chapter 6: A...
...similar energy conversion reactions all cells maintain...
...many important cell reactions or sorting functions...
...synthesis, many detoxification reactions, and sometimes other...
...of many metabolic reactions that produce hydrogen...
...membrane, and the reactions of photosynthesis take...
...similar energy conversion reactions all cells maintain...
...many important cell reactions or sorting functions...
...synthesis, many detoxification reactions, and sometimes other...
...of many metabolic reactions that produce hydrogen...
...membrane, and the reactions of photosynthesis take...
...catalyze many chemical reactions, and the locations...
...catalyze many chemical reactions, and the locations...
...in conversions Metabolic reactions include anabolism and...
...into anabolism (anabolic reactions) and catabolism (catabolic...
...and catabolism (catabolic reactions) anabolic reactions are...
...(catabolic reactions) anabolic reactions are processes that...
...simpler ones catabolic reactions are processes the...
...simpler ones Chemical reactions involve changes in...
...bond left undisturbed, reactions will reach dynamic...
...rare for key reactions exergonic reactions –...
...key reactions exergonic reactions – the products...
...do work exergonic reactions are thermodynamically favored;...
...energy later) catabolic reactions are usually exergonic...
...cellular conditions endergonic reactions – the products...
...chemical bonds) endergonic reactions are not thermodynamically...
...together, the coupled reactions must have a...
...requires that the reactions share a common...
...+ Pi anabolic reactions are usually endergonic...
...source for many reactions. ATP is the...
...transfer in cellular reactions is often accomplished...
...created in catabolic reactions and used in...
...used in anabolic reactions, linking those aspects...
...per day Redox reactions are used to...
...energy currency. Redox reactions are also used...
...energy transfer Redox reactions: recall reduction, gain...
...chain of redox reactions or electron transfers...
...for other chemical reactions Typically, a proton...
...needs. Manipulation of reactions is essential to...
...the speed of reactions. Understanding life requires...
...Enzymes regulate chemical reactions in living organisms...
...enzymes only catalyze reactions that are occurring...
...a reaction all reactions have a required...
...activity to control reactions increase substrate amount...
...exergonic and endergonic reactions Why is ATP...
...What are redox reactions used for in...
...used in redox reactions in cells. What...
...in conversions Metabolic reactions include anabolism and...
...into anabolism (anabolic reactions) and catabolism (catabolic...
...and catabolism (catabolic reactions) anabolic reactions are...
...(catabolic reactions) anabolic reactions are processes that...
...simpler ones catabolic reactions are processes the...
...simpler ones Chemical reactions involve changes in...
...bond left undisturbed, reactions will reach dynamic...
...rare for key reactions exergonic reactions –...
...key reactions exergonic reactions – the products...
...do work exergonic reactions are thermodynamically favored;...
...energy later) catabolic reactions are usually exergonic...
...cellular conditions endergonic reactions – the products...
...chemical bonds) endergonic reactions are not thermodynamically...
...together, the coupled reactions must have a...
...requires that the reactions share a common...
...+ Pi anabolic reactions are usually endergonic...
...source for many reactions. ATP is the...
...transfer in cellular reactions is often accomplished...
...created in catabolic reactions and used in...
...used in anabolic reactions, linking those aspects...
...per day Redox reactions are used to...
...energy currency. Redox reactions are also used...
...energy transfer Redox reactions: recall reduction, gain...
...chain of redox reactions or electron transfers...
...for other chemical reactions Typically, a proton...
...needs. Manipulation of reactions is essential to...
...the speed of reactions. Understanding life requires...
...Enzymes regulate chemical reactions in living organisms...
...enzymes only catalyze reactions that are occurring...
...a reaction all reactions have a required...
...activity to control reactions increase substrate amount...
...is series of reactions water is shown...
...consumed in some reactions and generated in...
...series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that can be...
...four types of reactions: substrate-level phosphorylation –...
...phosphorylation – coupled reactions that directly phosphorylate...
...or GDP dehydrogenation reactions – redox reactions...
...reactions – redox reactions that transfer hydrogen...
...or FAD decarboxylation reactions – carboxyl groups...
...is released preparation reactions – molecules are...
...prepare for other reactions of the above,...
...series of ten reactions, each catalyzed by...
...enzymes catalyze the reactions, grouped together in...
...general types of reactions in aerobic respiration....
...is series of reactions water is shown...
...consumed in some reactions and generated in...
...series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that can be...
...four types of reactions: substrate-level phosphorylation –...
...phosphorylation – coupled reactions that directly phosphorylate...
...or GDP dehydrogenation reactions – redox reactions...
...reactions – redox reactions that transfer hydrogen...
...or FAD decarboxylation reactions – carboxyl groups...
...is released preparation reactions – molecules are...
...prepare for other reactions of the above,...
...series of ten reactions, each catalyzed by...
...enzymes catalyze the reactions, grouped together in...
...divided into light reactions and the C3...
...in summary: light reactions occur in the...
...respiration The light reactions of photosynthesis overall:...
...of the light reactions except O2, and...
...for the light reactions, thus generating the...
...of the 13 reactions involved in this...
...can usually catalyze reactions in both directions...
...series of ten reactions rearrange the 10...
...occur, cells perform reactions like the “mesophyll...
...“mesophyll cell C4 reactions”; malate (or a...
...and cells perform reactions like the “bundle...
...sheath cell C4 reactions”; this allows the...
...divided into light reactions and the C3...
...in summary: light reactions occur in the...
...respiration The light reactions of photosynthesis overall:...
...of the light reactions except O2, and...
...for the light reactions, thus generating the...
...of the 13 reactions involved in this...
...can usually catalyze reactions in both directions...
...series of ten reactions rearrange the 10...
...occur, cells perform reactions like the “mesophyll...
...“mesophyll cell C4 reactions”; malate (or a...
...and cells perform reactions like the “bundle...
...sheath cell C4 reactions”; this allows the...
...a variety of reactions, including some self-catalytic...
...including some self-catalytic reactions RNA can also...
...a variety of reactions, including some self-catalytic...
...including some self-catalytic reactions RNA can also...

...temperature for chemical reactions to occur. B)...
...accurately describes hydrolysis reactions in biological systems?...
...systems? A) Hydrolysis reactions enable the breakdown...
...digestion. B) Hydrolysis reactions enable small molecules...
...molecules. C) Hydrolysis reactions generally require substantial...
...energy. D) Hydrolysis reactions are spontaneous and...
...enzymes. E) Hydrolysis reactions generally occur for...
...speeding up chemical reactions C) is a...
...rate of chemical reactions in living systems....
...or group of reactions. E) Enzymes convert...
...work. D) Chemical reactions stop in a...
...at which chemical reactions occur, but do...
...B) facilitate chemical reactions by altering the...
...participate only in reactions that synthesize new...

...reactant in metabolic reactions. B) It is...
...B) hydrolyt ic reactions. C) dehydration synthesis....
...synthesis. D) exchange reactions. E) catabolic reactions....
...reactions. E) catabolic reactions. 21) Which of...
...by dehydration synthesis reactions. C) They can...
...stereoisomer 38) Decomposition reactions are commonly ________...
...are commonly ________ reactions. 38) ______ A)...
...of dehydration synthesis reactions is water. 55)...
...produced from exchange reactions in which acids...
...all the chemical reactions within an organism...
...and contrast synthesis reactions with decomposition re...
...Synthesis and decomposition reactions are often the...
...each other. Synthesis reactions consume energy (are...
...endothermic), whereas decomposition reactions release energy (are...
...(are exothermic). Synthesis reactions often release water...
...synthesis, whereas decomposition reactions often consume water...
...hydrolysis. Finally, decomposition reactions break large macromolecules...
...used in synthesis reactions to build new...
...cell, whereas synthesis reactions utilize component monomers...
...by all cellular reactions, would not have...

...relationship between chemical reactions and temperature? A)...
...A) All chemical reactions are endothermic, and...
...to start chemical reactions. C) Warmer temperatures...
...reaction. D) Chemical reactions are not dependent...
...that include synthetic reactions are called A)...
...for all enzymatic reactions. Answer: B 16)...
...TRUE 51) Enzymatic reactions start when the...
...71) Reversible enzymatic reactions eventually reach the...
...__________, where the reactions in the forward...
...later in oxidation reactions. Answer: NAD or...
...by slowing metabolic reactions in all or...
...of TCA cycle reactions. This leads to...

...they participate in reactions essential to life....
...synthesis Students’ learning reactions as processes of...
...elements, compounds, chemical reactions, reactants, products, periodic...
...polymers, monomers, hydrolysis reactions, dehydration synthesis reaction,...

...two sets of reactions involved in photosynthesis,...
...(1) The light reactions capture the energy...
...1 The light reactions: capturing energy 1....
...In the light reactions, the energy of...
...drives the light reactions of photosynthesis by...
...In the light reactions, the energy of...
...a. First stage—light reactions—the energy of sunlight...
...C. The light reactions + 1. A...
...involved in these reactions are supplied by...
...by the light reactions) and CO2 (from...
...photosynthesis: a. Light reactions capture energy in...
...from the light reactions 3. CO2 from...
...all the chemical reactions that occur in...
...stages. ATP Light reactions Calvin cycle NADPH...
...In the light reactions, the energy of...
...called the “dark reactions.” A misconception is...
...is that these reactions happen only in...
...from the light reactions. Both reactions occur...
...light reactions. Both reactions occur at the...
...In the light reactions, the energy of...
...of the light reactions. ? Excited has...
...In the light reactions, the energy of...
...the Light Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis Using...